Sunsetting of 2G and 3G Networks: What It Means for IoT Connectivity

Overview of 2G and 3G sunsetting

The global telecommunications landscape is undergoing a significant transformation. Mobile network operators are phasing out older cellular technologies – specifically 2G and 3G – in favor of faster, more efficient networks built on LTE and 5G standards.

For many organizations, particularly those with large IoT deployments, this shift presents both a challenge and an opportunity. Devices that once relied on 2G or 3G for low-bandwidth connectivity may soon lose service as carriers reallocate spectrum to newer networks. Understanding what this means and how to prepare is essential for ensuring continued IoT connectivity, scalability, and reliability.

What Is 2G/3G Sunsetting?

The term “sunsetting” refers to the planned decommissioning of legacy mobile network technologies. Introduced in the 1990s and early 2000s, 2G and 3G networks laid the foundation for modern mobile communication and powered the first wave of connected devices, from early feature phones to M2M systems in transportation, energy and utilities, and security.

However, as mobile data consumption and device density have surged, these older technologies have reached their limits. Operators worldwide are retiring 2G and 3G to repurpose valuable spectrum for more efficient LTE (4G) and 5G services.

This transition is already well underway. In many regions, including the United States, Australia, and parts of Europe, 3G shutdown is already underway, with completion expected globally by the end of 2025. When it comes to 2G, the target is by 2033 at the latest. The exact timing varies by country and operator, which makes proactive planning critical for organizations managing distributed IoT assets.

Why Is 2G and 3G Sunsetting Happening?

Network resources are finite, and mobile operators must continually optimize spectrum usage to meet modern demands. Retiring 2G and 3G is a strategic decision that allows carriers to redirect those frequencies toward technologies that offer greater performance and efficiency.

Newer generations such as LTE-M, NB-IoT, and 5G bring numerous improvements: faster data rates, lower latency, broader coverage, and better power efficiency. They also support higher network capacity, which is essential as billions of new IoT devices come online.

In addition, maintaining multiple legacy network generations increases operational costs for carriers. Decommissioning outdated infrastructure enables providers to simplify operations, reduce energy consumption, and focus investment on technologies that align with long-term industry growth.

Challenges for IoT Deployments

The sunsetting of 2G and 3G presents a number of challenges for businesses that depend on cellular IoT connectivity. Many existing deployments were designed years ago, when 2G and 3G offered widespread coverage and cost-effective modules.

The most immediate issue is device incompatibility. Hardware that supports only 2G or 3G networks will lose connectivity entirely once those networks are switched off. This can cause disruption to critical systems such as remote monitoring, smart metering, asset tracking, and alarm communications.

Another challenge is geographical variability. Because shutdown timelines differ by operator and region, multinational IoT deployments may experience inconsistent service availability. Some countries will maintain limited 2G coverage for longer periods, while others have already transitioned entirely to LTE and 5G.

Furthermore, upgrading large fleets of devices can be logistically complex. Many IoT endpoints are installed in remote, hard-to-access locations or embedded within long-lifecycle equipment. Coordinating replacements or firmware updates across these devices requires time, resources, and careful planning to minimize downtime.

Finally, supply chain factors, including availability of new modules, certification requirements, and regional carrier approvals, can influence the pace and cost of migration.

The Benefits of Transitioning to LTE and 5G

Despite these challenges, the sunsetting of 2G and 3G ultimately represents an opportunity to strengthen IoT networks and prepare for the future.

Modern IoT connectivity technologies such as LTE-M, NB-IoT, and LTE Cat 1bis are specifically designed to meet the unique needs of connected devices. They deliver deep indoor coverage, longer battery life, and robust support for low-data, intermittent communications.

For organizations managing global IoT deployments, migrating to these technologies ensures long-term support and network stability. LTE and 5G infrastructures are expected to remain in service for many years, providing a more future-proof foundation than legacy systems.

Additionally, the newer networks offer enhanced IoT security, leveraging advanced encryption, authentication, and network management capabilities. Businesses can also benefit from improved scalability, enabling the deployment of larger and more complex IoT solutions without compromising reliability or performance.

How to Prepare for Network Sunset as a Customer

Preparing for the 2G and 3G sunset requires a strategic, phased approach. The earlier you begin, the smoother your transition will be.

Audit your device fleet

Start by identifying which of your devices rely on 2G or 3G connectivity. Include details such as location, data usage, and expected service lifespan. This assessment will form the foundation of your migration strategy.

Plan a migration roadmap

Develop a clear timeline for replacing or upgrading devices, prioritizing mission-critical assets and regions where shutdowns are imminent.

Upgrade to LTE or 5G-compatible hardware

Select devices that support LTE-M, NB-IoT, or Cat 1bis standards to ensure compatibility with modern networks and maximize lifecycle longevity.

Validate network coverage

Check that your target deployment areas have strong LTE-M or NB-IoT coverage. Your connectivity provider should be able to provide updated coverage maps and carrier insights.

Run pilot tests

Before full-scale migration, conduct small-scale trials to confirm device behavior, battery performance, and data reliability on new networks.

Adopt multi-network SIMs

Using multi-network SIMs or global IoT SIMs allows devices to automatically connect to available LTE-M or NB-IoT networks, ensuring continuity during and after the sunset period.

Engage with your provider

Connectivity experts can assist with network planning, device testing, and migration strategy to minimize service interruptions.

What to Look for in a Connectivity Provider During the 2G/3G Sunset

Selecting the right IoT connectivity partner is critical to navigating the 2G and 3G shutdown successfully. As networks evolve, your provider should do more than simply supply SIMs; they should act as a long-term partner in connectivity management, offering the expertise and tools needed to ensure continuity and scalability.

When evaluating providers, consider the following qualities and capabilities:

Proactive migration support

Look for a provider that takes an active role in helping you assess your current device base, identify legacy hardware, and build a structured migration plan. The right partner should offer technical consultation and clear timelines aligned with carrier shutdown schedules.

Global, future-ready network access

A strong provider will offer coverage across LTE-M, NB-IoT, and Cat 1bis networks worldwide, with seamless roaming and multi-network support. This ensures that your devices remain connected even as regional sunsets progress at different speeds.

Visibility and analytics

Comprehensive management tools are essential. Choose a provider that gives you real-time insight into device connectivity, data usage, and network performance, helping you detect issues early and maintain uptime.

Flexible, scalable solutions

Your connectivity provider should support flexible deployment models, including multi-IMSI or eUICC SIMs, so you can adapt to network changes without replacing hardware. Scalability across different regions and use cases is equally important.

Commitment to future-proofing

Finally, look for a partner that invests in emerging technologies and maintains active relationships with global carriers. Their roadmap should align with the future of LTE and 5G IoT, ensuring your deployments remain supported for years to come.

Choosing a connectivity provider with these capabilities ensures your IoT network remains resilient, adaptable, and ready to grow as the cellular landscape continues to evolve.

Key Takeaway

The 2G and 3G network sunsets mark a pivotal moment in the evolution of mobile connectivity. For IoT businesses, this change may feel disruptive in the short term, but it also opens the door to a more capable, efficient, and secure future.

By taking a proactive approach – auditing devices, planning upgrades, and adopting LTE-M or NB-IoT technologies – you can safeguard your operations, extend the lifespan of your deployments, and position your business to thrive in the next generation of IoT connectivity.

Learn more about 2G and 3G network sunsetting, including projected global shutdown dates here